云山苍苍，江水泱泱，先生之风，山高水长

The mountain is lush and verdant, the river long and vast.Mr. Yans virtue is as lofty as mountains and as perpetual as rivers.

书海探源 Sourcing the Literature

“云山苍苍，江水泱泱，先生之风，山高水长。”现在我们会用这句话来形容学识渊博、德行高尚的人，但殊不知这句话是范仲淹是在修建严家祠堂时写给东汉高士严子陵的。严子陵何许人也？ 严子陵，名严光，字子陵，公元前39年出生于宁波余姚。少年时颇有才华，少时与刘秀为同学兼好友。后刘秀起兵时，严子陵积极出谋划策，待刘秀登基称为东汉开国皇帝后，严子陵作为功臣，却不贪慕功名，退隐山林，行走于山水之间，以垂钓为生。

“The mountain is lush and verdant, the river long and vast. Mr. Yans virtue is as lofty as mountains and as perpetual as rivers.” These words are used to describe the people with profound knowledge and noble virtue. But little do we know that they were written by Fan Zhongyan to Yan Ziling, the noble recluse in the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Fan was building Yan’s memorial temple. Who is Yan Ziling?

Yan Ziling, whose given name was Guang and courtesy name was Ziling, was born in Yuyao, Ningbo in 39 B.C. He showed his talent at a very young age and had been a friend and classmate of Liu Xiu. When Liu Xiu initiated his rebellion, Yan Ziling gave active counsel and suggestions. After Liu Xiu ascended the throne as the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yan Ziling, as the meritorious statesman, declined the rank and fame and retreated to the wooded mountains, living a simple fishing life.

光武帝刘秀告示天下寻找严子陵，命一流画师为其画像，让各地官吏负责寻找严子陵。颇费周折后，在富春江畔找到了严子陵，可是严子陵却对刘秀说：“我也会念及同窗好友的旧情，但读书人有自己的志趣，你何必一定要逼我进入仕途呢？” 后来刘秀又多次相邀聘请严子陵出仕为官，也曾与其同床共卧，畅叙通宵，严子陵却仍不为所动，刘秀最后也只能作罢。

Emperor Guangwu, Liuxiu, issued official notice to search for Yan Ziling in the whole country, commissioning first-class painters to draw his portraits and ordering the local officials to locate Yan Ziling. After considerable effort, they finally found Yan Ziling by the river of Fuchun. But Yan Ziling said to Liu Xiu, “I treasure our friendship as classmates, but as a book lover, I have my own aspiration and interests. Why must you insist on dragging me into the officialdom?” Later, Liu Xiu repeatedly invited Yan Ziling to take up an official post, even sharing a bed with him for a night of long conversations. Yet, Yan Ziling remained unmoved, which let Liu Xiu down completely.

严子陵隐居在富春江畔，每日都在富春江上的一个台子上钓鱼，后人把这个地方称为“严子陵钓台”。后卒于家，享年八十岁，葬于余姚的客星山（又名陈山）。

严子陵视富贵如浮云的气节，千百年来一直受到人们的敬仰和称誉。范仲淹于宋仁宗明道年间被贬谪至睦州（今浙江桐庐、建德、淳安），建严先生祠，使其后人奉祀，并写下了“云山苍苍，江水泱泱，先生之风，山高水长”的赞语，更是使严子陵的高风亮节闻名于天下。

Yan Ziling lived in seclusion by the Fuchun River, fishing every day on a platform on the river, a place that later generations came to call "Yan Zilings Fishing Terrace". At the age of eighty he passed away at home and was buried at Kexing Mountain (also known as Chen Mountain) in Yuyao.

Yan Zilings ethos of viewing wealth and fame as fleeting clouds has been respected and praised by people for thousands of years. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Muzhou (embracing present cities of Tonglu, Jiande and Chunan of Zhejiang province), where he built a memorial temple in honor of Mr. Yan, allowing later generations to worship him. Fan Zhongyans praises, “The mountain is lush and verdant, the river long and vast. Mr. Yans virtue is as lofty as mountains and as perpetual as rivers.”, made Yan Ziling more eminent across the country.

踏芳寻踪 Tracking down the Traces

如果要寻访严子陵先生的足迹，第一个要去的就是他的出生地—余姚低塘黄清堰村，进入村子，便可看到东汉建武十八年（公元43年）时为严子陵先生所立的牌坊，汉光帝刘秀为牌坊御赐“高风千古，清节流方”。现牌坊于明万历三十二年(公元1604年)在原址上重建，石坊宏伟壮丽，石雕技艺高超，艺术价值极高。牌坊近旁，有严氏宗祠，坐北朝南，内塑严子陵像，四周陈列严子陵相关介绍。黄清堰村水域发达，半山堰江穿村而过，清水碧波，是村民们散步休闲的好地方。

If you hope to track down the footprints of Yan Ziling, the first place you should visit is his birthplace--Huangqingyan Village, Ditang, Yuyao. Entering the village, you can see the memorial archway built for Yan Ziling in 43 A.D. (the 18th year during the reign of Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty), on which were engraved “Long-standing Virtue, Immortal Traits”written by Liu Xiu, the Emperor Guangwu. The present memorial archway was the one rebuilt on the original site in 1604 (the 32nd year during the reign of Wanli of Ming Dynasty).

The magnificent archway, with skillful stone carving, is appreciated for its high artistic merit. Close to the archway sits Yan’s ancestral hall facing south. A statue of Yan Ziling stands in the hall with the introduction display around him. The water system of Huangqingyan Village is well-developed, with Banshanyan River flowing through the village. The clear and green waters make it an excellent place for villagers to walk and relax.

如果有机会去风景秀丽的富春江，一定要去严子陵钓台走一走，历史上无数的文人墨客都来到过钓台，留下不少的诗文佳作，对严子陵或仰慕，或质疑，都为这个地方增添了更多的人文气息。最佳之作应该是范仲淹对严子陵的高风亮节的评价啦。

If you have a chance to pay a visit to the charming river of Fuchun, it is advisable that you go to Yan Ziling Fishing Terrace where countless literati visited and left many poems and essays which, no matter admiring or questioning, added rich scholarly atmosphere to this place. The best should be Fan Zhongyan’s comments on Yan Ziling’s virtue.

第三处寻访严子陵先生足迹的地方是慈溪的陈山（原属余姚），也被成为客星山。严子陵与光武帝刘秀同床共卧时，严在熟睡中把脚搁在刘秀的肚皮上。次日，官员急奏，说夜观星象看到有颗客星冲犯帝座，这就是“客星”之名的由来。严子陵墓在陈山岭北侧下50米处，原有石羊、石虎，可惜都已毁坏。登上客星山，可南瞰余姚，北览慈溪， 可惜严子陵墓没有受到太多重视，稍显冷清。

The third place to trace Mr. Yan’s footprints is Kexing Mountain (also known as Chen Mountain), formerly an area of Yuyao, now of Cixi. When sleeping on the same bed with Emperor Guangwu, Liu Xiu, Yan Ziling put his feet on Liu Xiu’s belly. The next day, an official submitted an emergency report that by watching the stars, a “Kexing” had attacked the throne, which is the origin of the name, “Kexing ”(It means a shining star which may affect politics in Chinese pination.). Yan Ziling’s Mausoleum is sited in the north side of Kexing Mountain, 50 meters below. It is a pity that the original stone sheep and stone tigers have been destroyed. Mounting Kexing Mountain, you can see Yuyao in the south and Cixi in the north. But Yan Ziling’s Mausoleum has not received enough care and concern.

结语 Epilogue

美丽的余姚低塘黄清堰村没有严子陵先生，就是一个普通的水美村落；富春江畔没有严子陵先生，就只是个风景优美的自然景区。而这一切，因为有了严子陵先生的故事有了更多的文化意境，增添了更多的人文味道。美景，因为有了历史，有了文人，便有了文化的灵，更让人流连忘返，念念不忘，这就是我们的精神宝藏。

Without Yan Ziling, Huangqingyan Village were an ordinary picturesque village and Fuchun River were only an attractive natural scenic spot. The story of Yan Ziling has brought these places deeper cultural significance and a stronger humanistic essence. Literati and their stories endow beautiful scenery cultural soul, which is unforgettable spiritual treasure to attract people to appreciate and linger on.

浙江省社科联社科普及课题成果

课题编号：21KPW10YB

课题名称：文化记忆视角下的宁波历史名人文化（中英对照）

负责人：甄桂春

推荐单位：浙江万里学院