金正日同志论马克思主义　　

　　（摘译自金正日同志的论文《社会主义是科学》的第一部分和第二部分，　1994年11月1日　在朝鲜劳动党中央委员会机关《劳动新闻》上发表。）　　

　　第一部分：　　

　　马克思主义把工人阶级渴望社会主义的要求与革命力量和革命斗争方法结合起来。马克思主义明确指出，在资本主义社会存在着生产力和生产关系之间的对抗性矛盾，这一矛盾只能通过被剥削的工人阶级对剥削阶级的阶级斗争才能解决。而且，工人阶级应该负起责任，领导这一阶级斗争。谢谢马克思主义，资本主义灭亡和社会主义胜利的必然性由此被证明了，被剥削工人阶级渴望社会主义的要求与实际革命力量和能够实现他们愿望的革命斗争方法联系在一起。这样，社会主义就从乌托邦空想变成了科学，而且在人类解放斗争史上发生了革命巨变。　　

　　第二部分：　　

　　马克思主义定义人的本质是一切社会关系的总和。这一定义为粉碎那些反科学的反动谬论做出了历史性贡献，这些谬论把人视为纯粹的精神力量或简单的生物体。但是，把人的本质定义为全部社会关系的总和并没有对人类的固有本质做出全面阐述。因此，这一定义不能正确解释人与世界的关系问题和人在世界上的地位和作用问题。　　

　　主体思想，破天荒第一次发现了关于人的本质问题的科学定义。以此为基础，对人在世界上的地位和作用做出了全新的解释。　　

　　人是具有自主性、创造性和意识性的社会存在。这就是人的本质。　　

　　（翻译：红石）　　

　　英文原稿：　　

　　Marxism combined the demands of working people who aspire to socialism, with revolutionary forces and a revolutionary fighting method. Marxism made clear that contradictions existed between the productive forces and relations of production in capitalist society; that these contradictions could be resolved through the class struggle of the exploited working people against the exploiter class; and that the working class would take charge of and lead this class struggle. Thanks to Marxism, the inevitability of the collapse of capitalism and the victory of socialism was proved, and the demands of exploited working people who aspire to socialism were linked with practical revolutionary forces and a revolutionary fighting method capable of meeting their demands. Socialism was thus converted from a utopian scheme into a science, and a revolutionary change took place in the history of humanity’s struggle for liberation.　　

　　

　　

　　Marxism defined man’s essential quality as the ensemble of social relations. This definition rendered a historic service by shattering the unscientific, reactionary view which regarded man as a purely spiritual being or a simple biological being. However, the definition of man’s essential quality as the sum total of social relations does not provide a comprehensive elucidation of man’s own essential qualities. Consequently, it cannot correctly explain the relations between man and the world, or the position and role of man in the world.　　

　　The Juche idea has, for the first time, found a scientific solution to the question of man’s own essential qualities. On this basis, it has thrown a new light on his position and role in the world.　　

　　Man is a social being with independence. Creativity and consciousness. Herein lie his essential qualities.　　

　　

　　金正日同志论马克思列宁主义　　

　　

　　

　　（摘译自金正日同志　1976年10月2日　同朝鲜劳动党理论宣传工的谈话《关于正确认识金日成主义的独创性问题》。）

　　

　　

　　你们知道，马克思主义包括三个，即德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和法国乌托邦空想社会主义的学说。因此，它体系结构也包括这三个方面。列宁主义全面丰富和发展了马克思主义，而且也是在同样的三个部分：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义。　　

　　当我们说金日成主义是区别于马克思列宁主义的独创性理论时，我们从来不否认它于马克思列宁主义。目前，有一种把金日成主义与马克思列宁主义对立起来的倾向，片面强调金日成主义的独创性。但是它的独创性并不能通过把它同马克思列宁主义对立起来，否认后者是它的而得到有力证明。　　

　　金日成主义和马克思列宁主义两者都是革命理论，一样服务于工人阶级的革命实践。　　

　　工人阶级的革命事业是一项持续很久的事业，在不同的历史时代履行不同的历史使命。从这个意义上讲，新的历史时代的革命斗争是过去时代的继续。同工人阶级的革命斗争一样，他们的革命思想和理论反映了他们的要求，也是一代一代地继承和发展的。尽管金日成主义的理论代表着一个不同于马克思列宁主义的历史时期，但是它与后者是紧密联系的，因为它们有着服务于工人阶级革命事业的共同阶级理想和目标。金日成主义是在捍卫和丰富马克思列宁主义思想理论成果的斗争中创立和发展起来的。主体思想本身是在高举马克思列宁主义旗帜进行革命斗争的过程中被发现的，它反对一切形式的唯心主义和形而上学，严格遵守唯物辩证法的立场。金日成主义的革命理论同样也是在与各种资产阶级和机会主义思想进行斗争，捍卫马克思列宁主义的革命灵魂的过程中创立和完善的，并且根据我们时代的革命需求而被创造性地应用和发展。　　

　　我们应该既反对不注意它的历史局限性而全盘照搬马克思列宁主义的教条主义态度，又反对只强调它的局限性而全盘否定它的虚无主义态度。　　

　　（翻译：红石）　　

　　英文原稿：　　

　　

　　As you know, Marxism has its three sources of origin in the classical philosophy of 　Germany　, the classical political economy of 　Britain　 and the doctrine of Utopian socialism of 　　France　　. Accordingly, its structural system comprises these three fields. Leninism developed and enriched Marxism in various aspects, but it adopted the same three elements--philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism.　　

　　

　　When we say Kimilsungism is an original revolutionary idea different from Marxism-Leninism, we never mean that it has no derivations from Marxism-Leninism. At present there is also a tendency to contrast Kimilsungism with Marxism-Leninism, allegedly to emphasize its originality. But its originality is not necessarily proved only by contrasting it with Marxism-Leninism, denying its derivations from the latter.　　

　　

　　Both Kimilsungism and Marxism-Leninism are revolutionary ideas which have provided solutions to the revolutionary practice of the working class.　　

　　

　　The revolutionary cause of the working class is a task extending over a long time, a task that is to be fulfilled through different historical eras. In this sense, the revolutionary struggle of the new historical era is the continuation of that in the preceding era. Like the revolutionary struggle of the working class, their revolutionary ideas and theories which reflect their needs, are also derived and developed from era to era. Although Kimilsungism is an idea which represents a historical period different from that of Marxism-Leninism, it is closely connected with the latter because of the common class ideal and objective to serve the revolutionary cause of the working class. Kimilsungism was founded and has been developed in the course of safeguarding and embodying the ideological and theoretical achievements of Marxism-Leninism. The Juche idea itself is an idea discovered in the process of the revolutionary struggle waged under the banner of Marxism-Leninism; it is an idea which has opposed all trends of idealism and metaphysics and strictly adhered to the materialistic and dialectic stand. The revolutionary theory of Kimilsungism is also a theory which was founded and enriched in the course of protecting the revolutionary quintessence of Marxist-Leninist theory from bourgeois and opportunist theories and creatively applying and developing it in line with the requirements of the revolutionary practice of our times　　

　　

　　We should oppose both the dogmatic attitude of swallowing Marxism-Leninism in its entirety without seeing its historical limitation and the nihilistic attitude of negating it while only emphasizing its limitation.　　

　　

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