女权运动——一份21世纪的宣言

　　

　　 全球化和新自由主义已经对数千万女性的生活产生了深远的负面影响，资本主义又创造了很多压迫女性的新方式。

　　

　　 女性被压迫是数千年来阶级社会的产物，正是由于资本主义的快速发展，女性才意识到自己的角色和能力。

　　

　　 虽然女性加入了劳动大军，在工厂、办公室和商店里工作，但这并不表示其生活状况得到改善，反而与女性解放的目标背道而驰。女性既要承受工作上的压迫，还要承担照顾家庭、抚养子女的重担。

　　

　　 女性作为妻子和母亲的传统角色不但没有消失，反而因为资本进一步的剥削，这一角色又被人为地重新予以张扬。女性被要求要能够平衡生活中的各方面，还要为工作和家庭的任何差错担负责任。

　　

　　 那些关于女性升迁障碍和收入不公平的讨论并没有指向女性解放的核心问题，即我们追求的是所有劳动女性的解放，而不是关心一小撮特权女性。

　　

　　 尽管总的说来是所有女性都遭受压迫，面对歧视，但她们的生活经验始终有所不同。女性不只是一个性别的概念，它也被划分成不同的阶级。对于那些中上层阶级的女性而言，她们能够享受剥削体制所带来的利润，并因此减轻了所承受的压迫。然而，对大多数从事烹饪、清洁和提供私人服务的劳动阶级女性来说，她们则面对低工资、无暇照顾自己的家庭。

　　

　　 女性被前所未有地当作性的尤物来看待。自20世纪50年代起，性的产业化运作、色情文学的泛滥、钢管舞的流行以及世界小姐选美比赛等，让女性被单一化为性的尤物。

把女性理所当然地视为男人财产的这一观念，导致了大量的家庭暴力、强奸和性虐待事件。这些事件经常被视为正常的现象，从而很少被导出来，只是在20世纪六、七十年代才进入大众的政治视野。

　　

　　 要掌握自己的命运，女性首先要掌握自己的身体和性权力（sexuality）。

　　

　　 资本主义的意识形态一方面强调家庭的价值，及妇女与儿童在其中的次要地位，另一方面它也强迫家庭里的女性成员在工作和生活压力下“牺牲自己的家庭生活”。

　　

　　 对利益的最大化追求以及家庭的私有化，说明了女性的被压迫是植根于资本主义体制。女性的真正解放必须与更广泛的人类解放运动、劳动阶级掌握劳动果实的斗争相结合。也就是说女性和男性都要进行解放斗争。女性的解放运动和社会主义的斗争是密不可分的。

　　

　　 没有抗争，就不会取得胜利。历史上，任何大规模的社会运动都会涉及女性解放的议题。在19世纪女性解放运动和废除奴隶运动一起进行，20世纪女性解放运动和全世界的反殖民主义互相呼应，在21世纪女性解放运动的目标就是改变世界，终结制造剥削和压迫的阶级社会。

　　

　　2010年3月8日

　　

　　
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　

　　Feminism – a 21st century manifesto

　　

　　1. Globalisation and neo liberalism have had a profound effect on the lives of millions of women. Capitalism itself has created new forms and manifestations of women’s oppression.

　　

　　2. Women’s oppression is a product of class society which has existed for thousands of years. It was only with the development of capitalism that large numbers of women developed a consciousness of their position and the ability to do something about it.

　　

　　3. Women have been drawn into the workforce in millions but working in factories, offices and shops has not led to an improvement in women’s lives far less to liberation. Women suffer exploitation at work as well as still shouldering the double burden of family and childcare as well as paid work.

　　

　　4. Women’s traditional role as wives and mothers has not disappeared but has been reinvented to fit in with the needs of exploitation. They are now expected to juggle all aspects of their lives and are blamed as individuals for any failings in family or work life.

　　

　　5. The talk of glass ceilings and unfairly low bonuses for women bankers miss the point about liberation, which is that liberation has to be for all working women and not just a tiny number of privileged women.

　　

　　6.Although all women suffer oppression and face discrimination, their life experiences are radically different. Women are not united as a sex but are divided on the basis of class. Middle and upper class women share in the profits from the exploitative system in which we live and use this benefit to alleviate their own oppression. Working class women are usually the people who cook, clean and provide personal services for these women, receiving low wages and often neglecting their own families to do so.

　　

　　7.Women are more than ever regarded as objects defined by their sexuality. The commercialisation of sexuality with its lad and ladette culture, its pole dancing clubs and its post-modern Miss World contests keeps women being judged as sex objects as if nothing has changed since the 1950s.

　　

　　8. This objectification, alongside women’s role as supposedly the property of men, leads to domestic violence, rape and sexual abuse. This abuse is under recognised and under reported. It was only in the 1960s and 70s that these issues began to be viewed as political.

　　

　　9. To control their own lives, women must control their own bodies and sexuality.

　　

　　10. Capitalist ideology prioritises the family and the subordinate role of women and children within it, while at the same time forcing individual members of the family to sacrifice ‘family life’ because of the pressures of work and migration.

　　

　　11. The priorities of the profit system and the existence of the privatised family means that women’s oppression is structured into capitalism. Any genuine liberation has to be connected to a wider movement for human emancipation and for working people to control the wealth that they produce. That’s why women and men have to fight for liberation. Socialism and women’s liberation are inextricably connected.

　　

　　12. We will not win without a fight. Every great social movement raises the question of women. In the 19th century the movement for women’s emancipation took its name from the movement to abolish slavery. In the 20th century women’s liberation took its name from the movements against colonialism around the world. 21st century women’s liberation has to fight to change the world and to end the class society which created oppression and exploitation in the first place.

　　

　　原文:

相关文章